Legal Aspects Relating to On-Orbit Servicing and Active Debris Removal

Abstract

Autonomous on-orbit servicing and active debris removal are promising emerging markets in the commercial space industry. However, their advent brings legal challenges that must be overcome for a smooth adoption of the services. This article outlines the history and context of autonomous on-orbit servicing and key legal issues that must be addressed. The lack of clear definition of fault is discussed in the context of close proximity missions, as well as the issue of ownership of debris should a collision occur. Furthermore, the legal implications of the dual use of servicing satellites are discussed. For the commercial market to grow, these legal issues must be addressed through an initial inter-state mission, and the continued development of best practices for on-orbit servicing and active debris removal.