Abstract
A property tax (or millage tax) is a levy on property that the owner is required to pay. The tax is levied by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located; it may be paid to a national government, a federated state, a county or geographical region, or a municipality. Multiple jurisdictions may tax the same property. This is in contrast to a rent and mortgage tax, which is based on a percentage of the rent or mortgage value. There are four broad types of property: land, improvements to land (immovable man-made objects, such as buildings), personal property (movable man-made objects), and intangible prop-erty. Real property (also called real estate or realty) means the combination of land and improvements. Under a property tax system, the government requires and/or performs an appraisal of the monetary value of each property, and tax is assessed in proportion to that value. Forms of property tax used vary among countries and jurisdictions. Real property is often taxed based on its classification. Classification is the grouping of properties based on similar use. Properties in different classes are taxed at different rates. Examples of different classes of property are residen-tial, commercial, industrial and vacant real property. A special assessment tax is sometimes confused with property tax. These are two distinct forms of taxation: one (ad valorem tax) relies upon the fair market value of the property being taxed for justification, and the other (special assessment) relies upon a special enhance-ment called a “benefit” for its justification
Highlights
A tax means a compulsory financial obligation imposed on a taxpayer by the state or functional equivalent
These means initially came from the property of the ruler, from compulsory contributions collected from the population of defeated areas and from voluntary contributions of the population for its ruler. These contributions, due to their long-term nature, became a habit and as a result, transformed into something valid. These customary and obligatory performances, at a certain stage of socio-economic development gave rise to what we know as contemporary tax1
This especially concerns arable land and forest tax, which may be classified as revenue taxes, as they refer to external features indicating the size of income obtained by the taxpayer
Summary
A tax means a compulsory financial obligation imposed on a taxpayer (an individual or a legal entity) by the state or functional equivalent. Regardless of the social and political formation of the state organism, it was first the ruler (prince, king, emperor, etc.), and the state that needed and still needs the means (money or other goods) to satisfy its needs and to perform its tasks (obligations) towards its subordinates or citizens These means initially came from the property of the ruler, from compulsory contributions collected from the population of defeated areas and from voluntary contributions of the population for its ruler. Other parameters of taxation base were taken into account: the state of the field, fertility of the soil (quality), dryness, humidity of the soil or its location Another form of taxation was tax imposed on livestock. This allowed to tax craftsmen and merchants on resources they possess
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