Abstract
Objective:Weight regain following intentional weight loss may negatively impact body composition, accelerating fat regain and increasing risk of physical disability. The purpose of this study was to compare long-term changes in whole body and thigh composition in obese older adults who intentionally lost and then partially regained weight to obese older adults who remained weight stable.Subjects/Methods:This pilot study analyzed total body (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)) and thigh (computed tomography (CT)) composition data collected from 24 older (65–79 years) adults 18 months after completion of a 5-month randomized trial that compared resistance training alone (RT) with RT plus caloric restriction (RT+CR).Results:Mean loss of body mass in the RT+CR group (n=13) was 7.1±2.4 kg during the 5-month intervention (74% fat mass; 26% lean mass; all P<0.01), whereas RT (n=11) remained weight stable (+0.3±1.8 kg; P=0.64). Differential group effects were observed for all DXA and CT body composition measures at 5 months (all P⩽0.01); however, by 23 months, group differences persisted only for total body (RT+CR: 81.6±10.0 kg vs RT: 88.5±14.9 kg; P=0.03) and lean (RT+CR: 50.8±9.3 kg vs RT: 54.4±12.0 kg; P<0.01) mass. All RT+CR participants regained weight from 5 to 23 months (mean gain=+4.8±2.6 kg; P<0.01). Total fat mass and all thigh fat volumes increased, whereas thigh muscle volume decreased, during the postintervention follow-up in RT+CR (all P⩽0.01). In the RT group, body mass did not change from 5 to 23 months (−0.2±0.9 kg; P=0.87). Decreased total thigh volume, driven by the loss of thigh muscle volume, were the only postintervention body composition changes observed in the RT group (both P<0.04).Conclusions:Short-term body composition benefits of an RT+CR intervention may be lost within 18 months after completion of the intervention.
Highlights
Obesity and aging are major risk factors for the development and recurrence of a wide array of chronic disease.[1,2] In addition, aging is associated with increased adiposity, including preferential fat deposition in ectopic regions,[3] such as within the skeletal muscle.[4]
The purpose of this study was to compare whole body and thigh composition in older adults who intentionally lost and partially regained weight to older adults who remained weight stable. We accomplished this by recalling participants 18 months after completion of a 5-month randomized trial designed to compare a resistance training and caloric restriction (RT+CR) intervention to resistance training alone (RT)
RT and RT plus caloric restriction (RT+CR) groups were balanced at baseline with respect to total body mass and composition
Summary
Weight regain following intentional weight loss may negatively impact body composition, accelerating fat regain and increasing risk of physical disability. The purpose of this study was to compare long-term changes in whole body and thigh composition in obese older adults who intentionally lost and partially regained weight to obese older adults who remained weight stable. RESULTS: Mean loss of body mass in the RT+CR group (n = 13) was 7.1 ± 2.4 kg during the 5-month intervention (74% fat mass; 26% lean mass; all P o 0.01), whereas RT (n = 11) remained weight stable (+0.3 ± 1.8 kg; P = 0.64). Total fat mass and all thigh fat volumes increased, whereas thigh muscle volume decreased, during the postintervention follow-up in RT+CR (all P ⩽ 0.01). Driven by the loss of thigh muscle volume, were the only postintervention body composition changes observed in the RT group (both P o0.04). Nutrition & Diabetes (2016) 6, e203; doi:10.1038/nutd.2016.8; published online 4 April 2016
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