Left ventricular structural characteristics in unilateral renovascular hypertension and primary aldosteronism

Abstract

To assess the importance of the renin-angiotensin system and plasma volume as determinants of hy pertensive left ventricular hypertrophy and its anatomy, patients with unilateral renovascular hypertension and primary aldosteronism were studied by echocardiography. Blood pressure, age and sex were matched as closely as possible. The 19 patients with unilateral renovascular hypertension and the 19 patients with primary aldosteronism were similar in age, sex and blood pressure ( 168 ± 19 97 ± 11 and 163 ± 17 99 ± 10 mm Hg, respectively), but plasma volume was increased in the patients with primary aldosteronism. Interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness did not differ between the 2 groups of patients. There was a significant correlation between the level of systolic blood pressure and either left ventricular mass index (r = 0.34, p <0.05) or relative wall thickness (r = 0.58, p < 0.001) in both groups of patients. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension index was increased in the patients with primary aldosteronism compared with those with unilateral renovascular hypertension (3.2 ± 0.4 vs 2.9 ± 0.3 cm/m 2, p < 0.02). When confined to the patients with systolic pressure ≥150 mm Hg, relative wall thickness was significantly increased in the patients with unilateral renovascular hypertension. Patients with primary aldosteronism and unilateral renovascular hypertension of similar blood pressure levels, age and sex have almost identical degrees of left ventricular hypertrophy and anatomy. In contrast, the patients with primary aldosteronism had increased left ventricular dimension index.