Left ventricular hypertrophy in aortic valve stenosis: preventive or promotive of systolic dysfunction and heart failure?

Abstract

In aortic stenosis (AS), left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is considered a compensatory response helping maintain systolic function. Recent research in experimental AS suggests, however, that LV hypertrophy is not necessary to sustain LV contractions but may in fact be maladaptive. The present work aimed to clarify the role of LV hypertrophy in AS-related heart failure (HF) in man. We studied 137 adult patients with isolated AS undergoing pre-operative echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. HF was diagnosed by the European criteria and LV hypertrophy by sex-specific limits of echocardiographic LV mass. The higher the LV mass was, the poorer was the LV ejection fraction (beta=-0.26, P< 0.001, linear regression) and the greater the likelihood of HF independent of the severity of AS (P< 0.001, logistic regression). In the subgroup of critical AS (valve area <0.4 cm(2)/m(2), n=85), patients with absent LV hypertrophy (n=19) had better preserved ejection fraction (mean+/-SE, 64+/-3 vs. 57+/-2%, P=0.045) and less HF (16 vs. 48%, P=0.025) than patients with LV hypertrophy (n=66). In isolated AS, increased LV mass predicts the presence of systolic dysfunction and HF independent of the severity of valvular obstruction. LV hypertrophy may be maladaptive rather than beneficial in AS in man.