Abstract
Background: Acromegaly is a rare disease that requires modern treatment to decrease the risk of mortality, mainly from vascular diseases. Identifying acromegalic patients with increased cardiovascular risk is challenging. Speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) is a modern, well-validated, and reproducible method of assessing left ventricular longitudinal deformation and providing a sensitive assessment of myocardial contractility. We hypothesized that STE may be useful in evaluating subclinical dysfunction of the left heart in acromegalic patients, especially when a left ventricle (LV) assessment is completed with STE of the left atrium (LA).Purpose: To assess the diagnostic value of speckle-tracking echocardiography in identifying the occurrence of LV and LA functional impairment in patients with acromegaly, in comparison to patients without this rare pituitary disease.Methods: Echocardiographic assessments of LV and LA function using the new STE method were performed in 60 subjects: 30 acromegalic (ACRO group) patients and a CONTROL group with 30 patients matched in terms of age, gender, systolic/diastolic pressure, and history of hypertension for at least 12 months.Results: The ACRO group, compared to the CONTROL group, presented: (1) higher left ventricular mass (left ventricular mass index: 132 vs. 108 g/m2, p < 0.001) and, in consequence, more frequent LV hypertrophy (80.0 vs. 53.3%; p = 0.028); (2) impaired LV systolic function measured by both left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (63.4 vs. 66.9%, p < 0.001) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) (−18.1 vs. −19.4%, p = 0.023); (3) greater LA anteroposterior diameter (40.3 vs. 36.9 mm, p = 0.003) and indexed left atrial volume (37.9 vs. 27.6 ml/m2, p < 0.001); and (4) impaired echocardiographic strain parameters corresponding with LA function.Conclusions: Acromegaly, even in young patients with good blood pressure control, may be associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and subclinical impairment of the left ventricular and left atrial mechanical function, which may be identified by speckle-tracking echocardiography. Further research in this area is necessary to clarify the prognostic value of these phenomena.
Highlights
Is a chronic disease caused by growth factor (GH) hypersecretion
The standard parameters that were measured to assess left atrium (LA) function were LA end-diastolic diameter measured in the parasternal long axis (PLAX), LA area measured in the 4-chamber axis, and LA volume (LAV) and LA indexed volume (LAVI) assessed using the biplane disk summation technique from apical 4-chamber and 2chamber views
There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of gender, age, concomitant diseases, or pharmacotherapy for arterial hypertension (AH), which was the only cardiovascular disease in most patients
Summary
Is a chronic disease caused by growth factor (GH) hypersecretion This rare pituitary disorder has some characteristic external appearance features. They develop slowly and gradually, which is the cause of the relatively late diagnosis, usually after about 5–10 years and typically when the patient is around 40 years of age [1]. Acromegaly was associated with an increased risk of mortality, mainly from vascular diseases, due to the lack of effective treatment [2]. Identifying acromegalic patients with increased cardiovascular risk is challenging. Purpose: To assess the diagnostic value of speckle-tracking echocardiography in identifying the occurrence of LV and LA functional impairment in patients with acromegaly, in comparison to patients without this rare pituitary disease
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