Left bundle branch block and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension study

Abstract

Whether left bundle branch block is associated with cardiovascular events in hypertension with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy is unknown. Hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic-left ventricular hypertrophy were randomized to losartan-based or atenolol-based treatment and followed for 4.8 years in the losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension study. Cox regression models controlling for significant covariates assessed the association of left bundle branch block with cardiovascular events. At baseline, 564 patients had left bundle branch block and 8567 patients did not. Left bundle branch block was associated with higher heart rate, electrocardiographic-left ventricular hypertrophy, and prior cardiovascular disease (all P < 0.005). In univariate Cox regression analysis, left bundle branch block was not associated with the composite endpoint, stroke, or myocardial infarction (all P > 0.05), and was associated with cardiovascular (8.3 versus 4.5%, P < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (12.1 versus 8.6%, P < 0.005). After adjusting for significant covariates Cox regression analyses showed that left bundle branch block was independently associated with 1.6-fold more cardiovascular death (95% confidence interval 1.12-2.27, P < 0.05), 1.7 fold more hospitalization for heart failure (95% confidence interval 1.15-2.56, P < 0.01), 3.5 fold more cardiovascular death within 1 h (95% confidence interval 1.89-6.63, P < 0.001), and 3.4 fold more cardiovascular death within 24 h (95% confidence interval 1.83-6.35, P < 0.001). In hypertension with electrocardiographic-left ventricular hypertrophy, left bundle branch block identifies patients at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, sudden cardiovascular death, and heart failure.