Left Atrial Strain Predicts Stroke Recurrence and Death in Patients With Cryptogenic Stroke

Abstract

Left atrial strain (LAS) has been widely studied as a predictor of atrial fibrillation (AF) after cryptogenic stroke (CS). However, the evidence about its prognostic role in terms of stroke recurrence and death in this setting remains scarce. A total of 92 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack with ABCD2 scale ≥4 of unknown etiology were prospectively recruited. Echocardiography, including LAS was performed during admission. The primary outcome measure was the composite of stroke recurrence or death. The mean age was 77.5 ± 7.7, and 58% of patients were female. After a median follow up of 28 months, the primary outcome measure occurred in 15 patients (16%). The primary outcome was more frequent in patients with diabetes (53% vs 21%, p=0.02), chronic kidney disease (33% vs 10%, p=0.034), and a history of heart failure (13% vs 0%, p=0.025). LAS reservoir (LASr) and LAS conduit (LAScd) were lower in patients developing the primary outcome (21% ± 7% vs 28.8% ± 11%, p=0.017 and 7.7% ± 3.9% vs 13.7% ± 7%, p=0.007, respectively). On multivariate analysis, LASr (hazard ratio 0.9, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to 0.99, p=0.048) and diabetes (hazard ratio 3.3, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 10.4, p=0.045) were associated with stroke recurrence or all-cause death after CS. On the log-rank test (using the discriminatory cut-off value of LASr <23%), LASr (p=0.009) was associated with higher risk of the primary outcome. In conclusion, lower values of the LAS reservoir were associated with a higher risk of stroke recurrence or death after CS. LAS may identify patients at higher risk of thromboembolism and stress conditions.