Left atrial ball thrombus diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography

Abstract

The diagnosis of the ball thrombus in the left atrium has been very difficult by conventional clinical techniques. In the present case, two-dimensional echocardiography successfully demonstrated a spherical tumor moving in unpredictable directions in the left atrium. M-mode echocardiography did not clearly identify the tumor because of the limited visual width and spatial orientation of the technique; however, simultaneous recordings of the M-mode echocardiogram with phonocardiogram, carotid pulse wave, and electrocardiogram provided some diagnostic clues to the occlusive left atrial tumor. In the absence mitral valve occlusion by the tumor, a logarithmic correlation between the ejection time and the preceding R-R interval, and a negative linear correlation between Q to the first sound interval and the preceding R-R interval were found. In the beat following the appearance of the tumor in the mitral orifice, the sudden shortening of the ejection time and the prolongation of Q to the first sound interval were noted. Both of these findings are indirect evidence of decreased left ventricular filling associated with an elevated left atrial pressure resulting from the sudden mitral orifice obstruction by the tumor. Detailed analysis of the data obtained by the conventional noninvasive techniques could provide critical clues for the diagnosis of the occlusive left atrial tumor.