Abstract
Throughout this study, the objective was to determine the most effective carbohydrate (CHO) sources under different light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and the impact of chlorocholine chloride (CCC), for the in vitro regeneration of the protocom-like bodies (PLBs) in Phalaenopsis ‘Fmk02010’. We applied 15 LEDs combined with three CHO sources and five CCC concentrations in the study. Organogenesis of PLBs was very poor in maltose both for the number of PLBs and their fresh weight (FW) compared to media containing sucrose and trehalose. Sucrose was the best CHO source under the red-white (RW) LED for the in vitro organogenesis of PLBs (PLBs: 54.13; FW: 0.109 g), while trehalose was best under the blue-white (BW) LED (PLBs: 36.33, FW: 0.129 g). The red-blue-white (RBW)-trehalose combination generated a suitable number of PLBs (35.13) with the highest FW (0.167 g). CCC at 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mgL−1CCC had no effect on PLB formation or FW, but 10 mg L−1 reduced both. RW-sucrose, BW-trehalose, and RBW-trehalose were the best combinations for PLB organogenesis. The addition of low concentrations of CCC in the plant culture medium are unnecessary.
Highlights
Phalaenopsis is the most important and valuable commercial orchid in the Orchidaceae family.It is widely accepted both as cut and pot flowers
RW-sucrose, BW-trehalose, and RBW-trehalose combinations may be better for protocom-like bodies (PLBs) organogenesis of Phalaenopsis considering both the number of PLBs and fresh weight
The results suggested that red, or blue, or red and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) should be used initially, and shifted to white LEDs for successful and healthier PLB regeneration of Phalaenopsis ‘Fmk02010’, but their effects depend on the CHO sources in the culture medium
Summary
Phalaenopsis is the most important and valuable commercial orchid in the Orchidaceae family It is widely accepted both as cut and pot flowers. PLB regeneration is the best and most efficient technique for orchid micropropagation [1], because it has a rapid proliferation capacity for producing a large number of protocorm-like bodies PLBs within a short period [2]. They can be induced directly from explants, such as shoot tips [3], flower stalk buds [4], root tips [5], and leaf segments [6]. PLBs are the sole form of somatic embryo that imitates the zygotic embryo in natural seed, but unlike the zygotic embryo, it can grow continuously without any dormancy [11]
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