Lectins Associated With the Feeding Organs of the Oyster Crassostrea virginica Can Mediate Particle Selection

Abstract

Despite advances in the study of particle selection in suspension-feeding bivalves, the mechanisms upon which bivalves rely to discriminate among particles have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that particle sorting in suspension-feeding bivalves could be based, in part, on a biochemical recognition mechanism mediated by lectins within the mucus that covers the feeding organs. Using Crassostrea virginica, the Eastern oyster, our investigations demonstrated that lectins from oyster mucus can specifically bind several microalgal species as well as different types of red blood cells (RBC), triggering their agglutination. Agglutination of microalgal species and RBC varied with the source of mucus (gills vs. labial palps). Hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition assays emphasized that mucus contains several lectins. In feeding experiments, Nitzschia closterium and Tetraselmis maculata were separately incubated with mucus before being fed to oysters. Results showed that pre-treating these microalgae with mucus significantly alters the ability of oysters to sort particles. In another experiment, oysters were fed a mixture of microspheres coated with either bovine serum albumin (BSA) or glucosamide-BSA. Results show that oysters preferentially ingest microspheres with bound carbohydrates, highlighting probable interactions between lectins and carbohydrates in the mechanisms of microalgae recognition. This study confirms the presence of lectins in mucus that covers the feeding organs of oysters and suggests a new concept with regard to particle processing by suspension-feeding bivalves: specific interactions between carbohydrates on the surface of particles and lectins within the mucus mediate the selection and rejection processes.