Abstract
Today the crisis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a threatworldwide because it is a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality. Besides, it possessesa destroying impact on countries’ economies. Therefore, there is an urgent need for hardresearch work and global collaboration to find a potential therapy. In this review, structuralgenomic variations in COVID-19 and further therapeutic options of Coronaviridae family orCOVID-19 are expressed. Lectins are natural proteins, which can exist in algae, higher plants,banana, actinomycetes, fungi, and archaea, and they have antiviral properties. Griffithsin lectin,isolated from red algae, has noteworthy efficacy against lethal SARS-CoV infection, humancoronaviruses, and other animal coronaviruses. Furthermore, all mannose-specific plant lectinshave anti-coronaviruses properties except for garlic lectins. However, lectins from mushroomscan act as immunomodulators by activating T-lymphocyte or stimulating dendrites or cytokines.The lectin may hinder glucans on viral spike protein and prevent entry and the virus’s release.Lectin’s anti-coronavirus activities include a glimmer of hope to tackle the global COVID-19crisis and inspire more scientific work on carbohydrate-binding agents against SARS-CoV-2.
Highlights
Today the crisis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a threat u worldwide because it is a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality
The new coronavirus disease named COVID-19 was declared by the WHO
COVID-19 pandemic today represents a dramatic threat to life, and the virus spreads to all continents except Antarctica[8]
Summary
Lectins are a diversity of non-immune glycoproteins with at least one non-catalytic domain that are reversibly bound to monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, and glycoconjugates. Since the replication cycle of SARS-CoV takes six hours to complete s in Vero E6 cells and the plant lectins interact both at the virus's entrance and release. Banana lectin prevents infection with HIV at virus entry by binding on the highly glycosylated gp[120] to higha mannose structures and preventing the virus from sticking to them in a concentrationdependent manner. It has been proposed that the cytokine is related to infected patients by SARS-CoV-2.53 e Cytokines and chemokines have a significant role in immunity and immunopathology in the c human body during viral infection. They are the first barrier of innate immunity that assists as a defense wall against the viral infection
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