Abstract
Lebiasina yepezi, a new Lebiasininae with a conspicuous color pattern, is described. The new species is endemic of the headwaters of the rio Negro, rio Branco, and rio Orinoco in the Serra Parima-Tapirapecó Mountains, at the border of Brazil and Venezuela. The new species is readily distinguished from all other Lebiasininae by the presence of four black longitudinal stripes on the trunk, and the triangular shaped dorsal surface of the mesethmoid, lacking lateral projections. The unusual color pattern is contrasted with those of other lebiasinin, as well as members of the pyrrhulinin genus Nannostomus. A close relationship between Lebiasina yepezi and the Gran Sabana (Venezuela) species is suggested based in color pattern features. The present contribution corresponds to a further refutation of the type locality of L. intermedia, as suggested on its description, since Lebiasinins, except L. bimaculata, L. boruca, and L. festae, do not occur in low land waters.
Highlights
The Lebiasinidae is a Neotropical characiform family consisting of seven genera distributed in two subfamilies: Lebiasininae (Lebiasina Valenciennes, plus Piabucina Valenciennes), and Pyrrhulininae (Pyrrhulina Valenciennes, Copeina Fowler, Copella Myers and Nannostomus Günther)
Standard length is presented in mm, all other measurements are presented as proportions of standard length (SL), except for subunits of head, which are presented as proportions of head length (HL)
Géry (1977: 588) was the first to depict the new species in a photo by Axelrod of a juvenile specimen collected at the Parima mountains in northern Brazil, which is currently cataloged as USNM 306560
Summary
The Lebiasinidae is a Neotropical characiform family consisting of seven genera distributed in two subfamilies: Lebiasininae (Lebiasina Valenciennes, plus Piabucina Valenciennes), and Pyrrhulininae (Pyrrhulina Valenciennes, Copeina Fowler, Copella Myers and Nannostomus Günther). The species belonging to the family are small- to medium-sized fishes ranging from the miniature Nannostomus anduzei Fernandez & Weitzman, about 1.6 mm SL, to species of Lebiasina, that reach up to 200.0 - 250.0 mm SL. The greatest diversity of the family occurs in the Pyrrhulininae, which are distributed primarily in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, and coastal rivers of the Guyana Shield, occuring mainly in shallow waters of forest streams and small ponds along the lower parts of larger rivers. Pyrrhulina, the most widespread and speciose genus in the family, is the only one known for the Paraná-Paraguay system (including the rio Uruguay). Species of Lebiasininae, on the other hand, are usually found in the upper courses of streams with rocky or sandy bottoms and well oxygenated
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