Leatherlike Materials

Abstract

AbstractLeather has been an important material since ancient times. Leather is a unique three‐dimensional material; it is so dense in texture that it combines insulation properties with water and wind resistance and water vapor permeability. Early attempts to produce synthetic leather were not successful until the development of poly(vinyl chloride), nylon, polyester, and polyurethane. Leather imitations based on these compounds soon were used in shoes, bags, clothing, and home furnishings. Leatherlike materials are flexible sheets that have a surface structure similar to leather. They are composed usually of a polymeric layer and a carrier layer. Coated synthetic leather with a textile carrier can be divided into three categories depending on the textile used: woven fabrics, knits or nonwoven. Today most synthetic leather is coated with PVC. Polyurethane coatings are the next most used.This article gives details on the materials, properties, and production of these imitations. Finishing is an important step. Surface are either grained or suede. Feel, handling, and grain are important properties.The newer generation of synthetics now exhibit better air and moisture permeability, can be dry‐cleaned or washed, and repel stains and mildew. They can be dyed in a variety of colors. Their uses also include now sporting goods, everything from balls to gloves. The automotive industry uses these materials in seats and roofs.