Abstract

Nowadays, Nonlinear Least-Squares embodies the foundation of many Robotics and Computer Vision systems. The research community deeply investigated this topic in the last few years, and this resulted in the development of several open-source solvers to approach constantly increasing classes of problems. In this work, we propose a unified methodology to design and develop efficient Least-Squares Optimization algorithms, focusing on the structures and patterns of each specific domain. Furthermore, we present a novel open-source optimization system that addresses problems transparently with a different structure and designed to be easy to extend. The system is written in modern C++ and runs efficiently on embedded systemsWe validated our approach by conducting comparative experiments on several problems using standard datasets. The results show that our system achieves state-of-the-art performances in all tested scenarios.

Highlights

  • Iterative Least-Squares (ILS) solvers are core building blocks of many robotic applications, systems, and subsystems [1]

  • We denote with Hi,j the block i, j of the H matrix corresponding to the variables Xi and X j ; we indicate with bi the block of the coefficient vector for the variable Xi

  • As support material for this tutorial, we offer an own implementation of a modular ILS

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Summary

Introduction

Iterative Least-Squares (ILS) solvers are core building blocks of many robotic applications, systems, and subsystems [1]. This technique has been traditionally used for calibration [2,3,4], registration [5,6,7], and global optimization [8,9,10,11]. Systems typically employ multiple ILS solvers at different levels: in computing the incremental ego-motion of the sensor, in refining the localization of a robot upon loop closure and—most notably—to obtain a globally consistent map. If the noise affecting the sensor data are Gaussian, the solution of a factor graph can be computed by an ILS solver implementing variants of the well known Gauss–Newton (GN) algorithm

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