Abstract
Quantum error correction is important to quantum information processing, which allows us to reliably process information encoded in quantum error correction codes. Efficient quantum error correction benefits from the knowledge of error rates. We propose a protocol for monitoring error rates in real time without interrupting the quantum error correction. Any adaptation of the quantum error correction code or its implementation circuit is not required. The protocol can be directly applied to the most advanced quantum error correction techniques, e.g. surface code. A Gaussian processes algorithm is used to estimate and predict error rates based on error correction data in the past. We find that using these estimated error rates, the probability of error correction failures can be significantly reduced by a factor increasing with the code distance.
Highlights
Quantum error correction [1] is crucial to long-time quantum memory and large-scale quantum computation
We demonstrate that the real time error rate estimation can reduce the post-correction logical error probability, and the improvement increases with the code distance [Fig. 3(a)]
By learning the time evolution of error rates in a quantum computer, quantum error correction can succeed with a higher probability
Summary
Quantum error correction [1] is crucial to long-time quantum memory and large-scale quantum computation. We propose a protocol for estimating time-dependent error rates of each type of errors during quantum error correction. This protocol is based on processing error correction data using a machine learning algorithm, i.e. online Gaussian processes [16]. We propose two methods for estimating error rates based on correction operations and syndrome patterns, respectively. Code [24] as an example, we find that both methods can significantly reduce logical errors with a factor that increases with the code distance We remark that both extendible quantum memory and scalable quantum computation usually require a big code distance [6, 7, 24]. Our protocol is realistic for scalable quantum information devices
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