Abstract
The most popular way of learning oriental calligraphy has been by practicing the calligraphy under the supervision of a human teacher, but finding a good instructor can be difficult. There are a number of studies in the literature that have evaluated calligraphic characters in holistic ways, but such systems do not support detailed supervision of scripting errors. This study proposes a Kanji calligraphy learning system with computerized supervision and analyzes the learning efficiency of the system, where the supervision includes symmetries between strokes. The proposed system compares a written calligraphic character of a user to the model of a human expert, and indicates error spots with explanations. An experiment with 22 participants proved that this system was more efficient at reducing the number of scripting errors in comparison to the traditional manner of a human expert. The main contribution of this paper was to identify and reveal the efficacy of computerized supervision in comparison to a human supervisor. The proposed system decreased the writing-error-rates of learners from 32.7% to 3.4%, whereas the traditional practice reduced the error rates from 31.0% to 6.8%. This result shows that computerized supervision is more efficient than human supervision for learning calligraphy.
Highlights
Oriental calligraphy is a visual art that represents languages and emotions using signs and symbols, which was developed and has been evolving for centuries in countries that utilize Chinese characters in their scripting system
This study suggests the use of 19 letters for Kanji calligraphy learning, which includes the 44 types of shortlisted strokes shown in Section 3.1, as shown in 0
Traditional ways of learning Japanese Kanji calligraphy include writing on paper with a brush and ink, under the supervision of a teacher
Summary
Oriental calligraphy is a visual art that represents languages and emotions using signs and symbols, which was developed and has been evolving for centuries in countries that utilize Chinese characters in their scripting system. Some studies have proposed systems of visualizing the process of scripting/drawing in real time using digital devices such as tablet styluses or traditional brushes fitted with digital sensors [7,8,9,10]. There have been a few reported studies on automatic learning systems for calligraphy Some of these studies have focused on providing a visual example of calligraphic writing, while others have attempted to evaluate the writing. Han et al, proposed an automatic grading system with a fuzzy algorithm, which evaluated scripted characters on papers with brush and ink. This system evaluated handwritten characters in a holistic approach, similar to Narita and Matsumaru’s method. We introduce the present calligraphy learning system for Japanese Kanji in later sections and show experimental results to prove its efficiency
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