Lean Fish Intake Decreases the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Norwegian Women (P18-036-19)

Abstract

ObjectivesThe potential impact of seafood consumption and long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) supplement use on the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not yet fully clarified. The aim of this large cohort study was to investigate the associations between prenatal intake of total seafood, lean fish, fatty fish and LCn-3PUFA supplement use and the risk of T2DM in women after pregnancy. MethodsThe study subjects (n = 60 831, median age 31 years) participates in the ongoing population-based Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study (MoBa) initiated and maintained by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Recruitment lasted from 1999 through 2009. The MoBa database is linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. For the current study we also obtained permission to link the data to the Norwegian Prescription Database for ascertainment of medications dispensed for diabetes (ATC code A10) 90 days or more after delivery. Dietary intake was obtained by a validated 255-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and assessed habitual diet during the first four to five months of pregnancy. ResultsDuring a median (IQR) follow up time of 7.5 (6.5, 8.5) years, T2DM was identified for 711 (1.2%) of the participants. Adjusted linear Cox regression analyses estimated a decreased risk of T2DM with increased lean fish intake as g/1000 kcal intake (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99, P = 0.010). Modeling intake as quintiles, a decreased risk of T2DM was seen among those in quintiles two to five compared to the first quintile of energy adjusted lean fish intake (P for trend across quintiles = 0.002). No associations between total seafood, fatty fish, or LCn-3PUFA supplement use and pharmacologically treated T2DM were identified in adjusted models. ConclusionsIntake of lean fish was associated with decreased risk of T2DM. Funding SourcesThe Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research, NIH/NINDS (grant no.1 UO1 NS 047537–01 and grant no.2 UO1 NS 047537-06A1).