Abstract
Reduction of leakages in a water distribution system (WDS) is one of the major concerns of water industries. Leakages depend on pressure, hence installing pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in the water network is a successful techniques for reducing leakages. Determining the number of valves, their locations, and optimal control setting are the challenges faced. This paper presents a new algorithm-based rule for determining the location of valves in a WDS having a variable demand pattern, which results in more favorable optimization of PRV localization than that caused by previous techniques. A multiobjective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was used to determine the optimized control value of PRVs and to minimize the leakage rate in the WDS. Minimum required pressure was maintained at all nodes to avoid pressure deficiency at any node. Proposed methodology is applied in a benchmark WDS and after using PRVs, the average leakage rate was reduced by 6.05 l/s (20.64%), which is more favorable than the rate obtained with the existing techniques used for leakage control in the WDS. Compared with earlier studies, a lower number of PRVs was required for optimization, thus the proposed algorithm tends to provide a more cost-effective solution. In conclusion, the proposed algorithm leads to more favorable optimized localization and control of PRV with improved leakage reduction rate.
Highlights
Water losses in pipeline networks can be categorized into (a) apparent losses and (b) real losses
Pressure management has become a crucial part of leakage management, which can be achieved by performing sectorization of the water distribution system (WDS) by using isolating valves or by inserting flow and pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in pipeline networks to reduce flow and pressure [2]
Pmi ≤ Pset ≤ Pma (18) where Pi,k is pressure at node i for load condition k; Pmin is the minimum pressure that is required at each node; nv represents number of PRV currently being used in WDS; Nv represents maximum number of PRV allowed to insert in WDS; Pmi & Pma are the minimum and maximum value allowed across the PRV; Ns represents number of node present in the system; and WK is the value of load
Summary
Water losses in pipeline networks can be categorized into (a) apparent losses (such as unauthorized consumption and unmetered bills) and (b) real losses (such as leakages in pipelines and joints). Leakages occur due to pipeline deterioration, which is mainly caused by ageing and high pressure. Because of these leakages, extra water has to be pumped out, which increases energy consumption, and increases the carbon footprint [12]. For the remaining periods when the water demand is less, the water supply system remains under high pressure. Pressure management has become a crucial part of leakage management, which can be achieved by performing sectorization of the WDS by using isolating valves or by inserting flow and pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in pipeline networks to reduce flow and pressure [2]
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