Abstract
Apart from water quality, leakage control and energy consumption management are the most concerning challenges for water treatment plants (WTPs). The joint scheduling of pumps and pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in the water distribution network can reduce excessive pressure and distribute pressure more evenly, which achieves comprehensive reduction of leakages and energy consumption. Taking into account the main shortcomings of the commonly used methods, such as scheduling pumps or PRVs separately, or optimizing PRV settings when their position is given, etc., this paper has taken the PRV (position and setting) and the working status of variable speed pumps (VSPs) as decision variables and the cost savings contributed by leakage reduction and energy consumption savings as the objective function, which maximized the economic benefits brought by PRV and/or VSP scheduling. A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to optimize the solution under multiple working conditions. The performance of three control strategies (PRV-only scheduling, VSP-only scheduling, and joint scheduling of PRVs and VSPs) are compared to each other based on a small network. Joint scheduling has achieved the best economic benefits in reducing the gross cost (contributed by leakage and energy consumption) of the three control strategies, which results in a leakage reduction of 33.4%, an energy consumption reduction of 25.4%, and a total cost reduction of 33.1%, when compared to the original network, and saving about 1148 m 3 water (7% of the original consumption) and 722 kWh electric energy (25.4% of the original consumption) per day.
Highlights
With the development of cities and global climate change, water resources have been playing an increasingly important role in industrial operation and our daily lives
This paper achieves the goal of leakage control and energy consumption reduction by optimizing the pressure reducing valves (PRVs) and variable speed pumps (VSPs) in the water distribution network
The reasonable scheduling of VSPs plays a role in leakage reduction and energy consumption savings, and can bring significant effects to both
Summary
With the development of cities and global climate change, water resources have been playing an increasingly important role in industrial operation and our daily lives. By using PRVs, Nicolini et al (2009) used a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) to choose the installation position and setting of PRVs to reduce leakage in a small water distribution network [11]. Valve installation, and operating rules for tanks and pumps have been optimized based on a single working condition This method has high computational requirements and long computing time. The objective function is to maximize the cost savings (mainly electric and water costs while PRV cost is considered separately) This model is suitable for those who want to control the leakage and energy consumption by adjusting pumps and PRVs. Three strategies are used for optimization under multiple working conditions: 1. The best scheduling approach for the largest economic benefit has been found
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