Abstract
Abstract Using an MFT-R4000 tester at room temperature, the leaf-surface wax of two desert plants, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (AM) and Reaumuria soongorica (RS), was extracted and evaluated for its potential as a lubricant additive in polyalphaolefin (PAO) for steel-steel contact. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was performed to identify the composition of the AM leaf-surface wax, and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate its friction mechanisms. The results suggest that the leaf-surface wax could successfully reduce the friction and wear of steel-steel sliding pairs compared with PAO containing molybdenum dithiocarbamate additives. AM, in particular, showed high-performance wear resistance and friction-reducing properties. Its excellent tribological properties were attributed to the wax composition of leaf-surface fatty acids, alcohol, and esters.
Highlights
Lubricant additives are chemical compounds used with base oils to improve lubricant performance and longevity
Non-polar alkanes accounted for 46.5% of the Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (AM) leaf-surface wax components, and the polar fraction accounted for 23.7%, including fatty acids, alcohol, ketones, esters, and three pentacyclic triterpene alcohols (Table 1)
The binding energy of Fe2p at 711.2 eV is attributed to either FeO, Fe3O2, or Fe3O4 (Fig. 5(c)) [19]. These results reveal complicated tribochemical reactions during the friction process, including the generation of surface protective films composed of polymerized ester and metal oxides on the lubricated metal surface, which lead to reduced friction and wear between the rubbing pairs
Summary
Lubricant additives are chemical compounds used with base oils to improve lubricant performance and longevity. Almost all commercial lubricants contain these additives, which can eliminate corrosive, abrasive, and adhesive wear, as well as the wear of mechanical parts due to contact fatigue. Commercial lubricants typically contain one or more additives mixed with one or several base oils. Additives including molybdenumcontaining organic compounds and zinc dithiophosphate (ZDDP) have been employed to enhance the performance characteristics of the base oil. Some types of additives facilitate only one aspect of lubricant performance. An extreme pressure additive allows a lubricant to attain high load-carrying capacity. Other types of additives such as ZDDP facilitate multiple aspects of lubricant performance, including
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