Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most remunerative and widely grown vegetables in the world. Tomato has ranks second next to potato in world acreage, but it has rank first among processing crops. In the present study, tomato plants treated with Rhizophora apiculata as seed treatment at 15% and as foliar spray at 30 and 45 days after treatment (DAT), co-inoculated with the Alternaria solani pathogen, recorded maximum activity of the defense related enzymes and PR proteins including; peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), catalse, chitinase and β- 1,3 glucanses. Induction of these defense enzymes was studied in vivo in treated tomato plants grown in the greenhouse. Moreover, the healthy control tomato plants also showed slight increase in activities of all these defense enzymes up to four days, and thereafter showed gradual decline. The aim of the present investigation was to access the induction of the defense enzymes and PR-proteins in tomato plants infested with A. solani, through the application of R. apiculata extract. Accordingly, we can reduce the incidence of early blight disease in these tomato plants. Current findings recorded the earlier and higher accumulation of the defense enzymes and PR-proteins mainly; PO, PPO, PAL, β- 1, 3 glucanse and chitinase in tomato plants, resulting in significant reduction in early blight infection.
Highlights
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most remunerative and widely grown vegetables in the world
Tomato plants treated with R. apiculata (15%) as seed treatment and foliar spray at 30 and 45 days after treatment (DAT) (T7), and artificially inoculated with the pathogen recorded the maximum activity of the defense related enzymes and the PR proteins including; peroxidase (PO), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), catalse, chitinase and β- 1,3 glucanses enzymes
The susceptibility of different varieties of tomato, pathogen resistance to fungicides and possible pollutions to the environment have created concerns worldwide, and necessitated the phytopathologists to look for eco-friendly alternatives for managing early blight disease of tomato
Summary
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most remunerative and widely grown vegetables in the world. Due to the development of resistance among races of the pathogen, the factor of exposure risks, fungicide residues, and human health, a search for alternative methods of plant disease management is on increase. Arthur, (1996) reported that there is an increased public demand for sustainable and chemical residue-free food production In response to these chemical disadvantages, biofungicides derived either from microbes or from plants, emerged as promising alternative strategies. Plants are endowed with defense genes which are quiescent in healthy plants When these genes are activated by various factors they induce systemic resistance against disease. Previous study of Ramamoorthy and Samiyappan, (2001) documented those biologically active compounds which are present in plants as elicitors that induce resistance in host plants, resulting in a reduction of disease development. The objectives of the present study were to check the efficacy of application of mangrove leaf extracts on suppression of early blight disease, and their effects on induction of defense enzymes and PR-proteins including; peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, catalase and PR proteins such as chitinase and β- 1,3glucanse
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