Abstract
Aiming to evaluate an indirect screening approach for Ceratocystis wilt resistance, the leaf disc (LD) method, two assays were conducted to assess its efficiency in discriminating resistant/susceptible genotypes. The first one used five and the second 16 cacao clones. For each assay, 40 discs of 2-month-old leaves were cut, wounded at the midrib, laid down in wet sterilized foam and inoculated (20 μL - 3 × 104 CFU/mL suspension of Ceratocystis cacaofunesta spores). The number of perithecia formed per leaf disc was assessed 4 days after inoculation (DAI). To assess the correlation between the LD method and field resistance, 16 branches of the same 16 clones were randomly selected and inoculated (30 μL/3 × 104 CFU/mL). The lesion length, width and area were measured 60 DAI. In both assays it was possible to distinguish resistant from susceptible clones. The clonal heritabilities were high (h2clo ≥ 77.19) for the assays in the lab and in the field, the highest estimate being obtained for perithecia number (h2clo = 95.82). The correlation of perithecia number with lesion width was positive and highly significant (r = 0.65, p-value = 0.009). Therefore, high genetic gains on field resistance can be achieved by indirectly selecting through the LD method.
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