Leaf anatomy and water loss of in vitro PEG-treated ?Valiant? grape

Abstract

Polyethylene glycol was used to induce water stress of micropropagated ‘Valiant’ grape. Reduced growth and slow rooting were observed in treated plantlets with 2, 4 and 6% polyethylene glycol as compared to control plantlets with no polyethylene glycol in the rooting medium. At high concentrations of 4 and 6%, leaves exhibited wilting and necrosis. At the 2% level, plantlets recovered and grew satisfactorily. Detached leaves of treated plantlets with 2% polyethylene glycol lost less water than controls when exposed to low humidity for 4 hours. Leaf anatomy of plantlets treated with 2% polyethylene glycol, control (in vitro plantlets) and greenhouse-grown plants were compared under light microscopy. Leaves from control plantlets contained larger mesophyll cells, lacked normal palisade layer formation, had greater intercellular pore spaces and fewer chloroplasts. Leaves from polyethylene glycol-treated plantlets, however, had smaller mesophyll cells, a more defined palisade layer, reduced intercellular pore space and the greatest number of chloroplasts. These results suggest that an osmoticum such as polyethylene glycol may be used to induce more normal leaf anatomy and reduced water loss in micropropagated ‘Valiant’ grapes.