LEADING CULTURE IN THE SYSTEM OF BIOLOGIZATION OF AGRICULTURE

Abstract

We consider the biologization of agriculture as a system for enhancing the role of the biological factor in the reproduction of soil fertility and increasing the productivity of agricultural production. Due to the unique economic and biological features, a very positive component of many parts of this system is lu-pine. Our research during 1996 -2018 on sod-podzolic sandy loamy low fertile soils of the experimental field of VNIIOU and in a number of farms in the Vladimir region on agrobiological evaluation of various varieties of annual lupine from the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine showed that at the present stage of agricultural production development in Non-chernozem zone, which takes place in difficult eco-nomic conditions, it should be considered as the most effective universal culture with high environment-forming properties, feed production and resource-saving potential. Among varieties studied, the varieties of the narrow-leaved lupine Vityaz and Crystal have been shown to be priority. With an average long-term yield of grain of about 25 kg / ha and green mass of 400 kg / ha, they form a powerful root system that penetrates the soil profile to the parent rock, accumulating only in the arable horizon of organic dry mass up to 50 kg / ha, providing a reduction in the decrease in soil humus content, improvement of their physicochemical properties, carbon and mineral nutrition of plants in crop rotation. In addition, lupine forms about 30 kg / ha of straw, which is characterized by a narrower ratio of nitrogen to carbon than cereal straw, it can be used for fertilizer without compensating nitrogen additives. Among annual leg-umes, lupine is a priority nitrogen fixer. With a nitrogen fixation coefficient of 60-70, it accumulates up to 300 kg / ha of symbiotic nitrogen in the biomass; therefore, it is a good sideral crop in rotations and a donor crop in mixed and cover crops. For the same reason, it can be used as a phytomeliorant on soils contaminated with animal waste. Lupine has a high feed value - in seeds it accumulates 35-40% of well-digestible protein, in green mass - up to 20%.