Abstract
The model HDPM of CORSIKA has been updated and developed on the base of the recent measurements by ALICE, CMS, TOTEM, LHCb, LHCf... The new model, GHOST, involving a four-source production reproduces correctly the pseudo-rapidity distributions of charged secondaries and has been tested with the data in the mid and forward rapidity region, especially in the complex case of TOTEM, and also with the recent measurements of CMS, up to $ \sqrt s = 13\,{\rm{TeV}} $ (9.0 1016 eV in laboratory system). Special calculations have been devoted to the semi-inclusive data playing an important role in the cosmic ray simulation (fluctuations in earliest collisions, individual cascades measured at high altitude with high energy emulsion chambers). Taking into account the violation of KNO scaling, the negative binomial distribution (NegBin-expressed in terms of scaled elements) $ z = {n \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {n {\bar {n}}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\bar {n}}} $ (n is the number of charged secondaries) has been used pointing out a possible asymptotic behaviour of total charged multiplicities at primary energies exceeding 40 TeV (8.5 1017 eV). Thus, larger reduction of the energies devoted to the leading cluster and very large multiplicity of secondary particles could suggest for EAS generated by primary protons a larger production of muons and a shower maximum at higher altitude.
Highlights
The clear evidence was demonstrated for the violation of KNO scaling by the U√A5 collaboration after presentationof their results at s = 546 GeV in 1984 [1]
The exception from Feynman scaling was underlined in 1983 [2]. This unexpected situation generated the employment of the negative binomial distribution and the exper√imental observations of the CERN p-pat c.m. energies s = 53 - 900 GeV
The cosmic ray generator GHOST has been improved taking into account phenomenologic√al models describing a large part of LHC results up to s = 13 TeV, concerning rapidity and pseudo-rapidity in all types of collision ND (Non Diffractive), NSD (Non Single Diffractive), SD (Single Diffractive), DD (Double Diffractive), Inelastic, for p-p, p-pand n-n collisions, as well as for p-A and A-A collisions
Summary
The exception from Feynman scaling was underlined in 1983 [2] This unexpected situation generated the employment of the negative binomial distribution (see section 3.1) and the exper√imental observations of the CERN p-pat c.m. energies s = 53 - 900 GeV. The cosmic ray generator GHOST has been improved taking into account phenomenologic√al models describing a large part of LHC results up to s = 13 TeV, concerning rapidity and pseudo-rapidity in all types of collision ND (Non Diffractive), NSD (Non Single Diffractive), SD (Single Diffractive), DD (Double Diffractive), Inelastic, for p-p, p-pand n-n collisions, as well as for p-A and A-A collisions. For charged pa√rticles, up to now, the LHC data published are limited at s = 13 TeV with rapidity or pseudo-rapidity √lower than 2.2 units. Green points represents results from CMS experiment, blue are related to the TOTEM experiment
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