Abstract
Successful implementation of Quality 4.0 (Q4.0) requires leadership, but the understanding of such leadership among scholars and practitioners is insufficient. The purpose of this paper is to explore a leadership scale to provide insights. This study develops the scale via 3 independent samples of quality personnel according to Hinkin's recommended scale development process. Exploratory factor analysis sheds light on the tri-dimensional structure of the scale, which comprises task-oriented, change-oriented, and relations-oriented behaviours. The results are affirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, which also demonstrates satisfactory reliability and construct validity. To further explore the predictive validity of leadership and delve deeper into its mechanics, based on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, this study identifies connectivity and challenge stressors as keys to the ‘Black Box’ of the relationship between leadership and thriving at work. Structural equation modelling suggests that leadership has a positive influence on thriving at work, connectivity, and challenge stressors. Connectivity and challenge stressors mediate the relationship between leadership and thriving at work. The Q4.0 leadership scale can be used as a guideline for organisations embracing Q4.0 to select and appoint managers, as well as for quality leaders to evaluate and improve themselves.
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