Abstract
The expanded use of radiations in diagnosis therapy, energy sectors, and various industries caused considerable concerns resulting from the increased exposure to ionizing radiations. Therefore, a series of tungsten-based composites (Bi2WO6, PbWO4, and Pb0.82Bi0.12WO4/W0.5Pb0.5Bi12O20) were synthesized, through One-Pot Hydrothermal Route, as effective protective barriers against gamma rays (γ-rays). The synthesized composite materials were characterized by XRD, Raman spectrometry, SEM-EDX-mapping, and density measurements. Various parameters were experimentally measured to determine the composites' viability as radiation shields, including linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), enhancement ratio, radiation protection efficiency, half-value layer, and mean free path. The narrow beam experimental gamma-photon transmission method was used to estimate the LAC's values for the synthesized composites using Cs-137 (with energies of 0.662 and 1.173 MeV) and Co-60 isotopes (with energy of 1.332 MeV). Among the investigated novel composites, the ternary composite (Pb0.82Bi0.12WO4/W0.5Pb0.5Bi12O20) proved to be the most efficient radiation shield. The MCNP-5 Monte Carlo simulation code and XCOM theoretical calculations data were in excellent harmony with the obtained experimental findings. The obtained results confirmed a strong relationship between the synthesized composites' chemical composition and their shielding capacity, where the ternary synthesized composite Pb0.82Bi0.12WO4/W0.5Pb0.5Bi12O20 with high lead-bismuth content has the highest LAC among the synthesized composites.
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