Lead toxicity

Abstract

Lead is a heavy metal. It is frequently used in life as a result of its distinct physical and chemical features. It is, nonetheless, a hazardous and widespread heavy metal. Lead is not only a common occupational and environmental toxin, but it also has a significant effect on children's brain development. Additionally, despite the fact that studies on the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying lead's harmful effects are still lacking, some research suggests that there may be indirect mechanisms at play. By examining lead's effects on various human body parts and therapeutic strategies for lead poisoning, this essay highlights the pathogenic factors and responses of lead on human tissues. As a result of lead's ability to quickly cross the blood-brain barrier and the growing brain's immature endothelial cells, the data demonstrate that lead is particularly detrimental to the central nervous system. The creation of synaptic connections and neuronal migration are significantly influenced by the normal growth of glial cells. Glial cells may prematurely differentiate as a result of lead exposure, impairing their ability to communicate with neurons. Lead appears to have genotoxic effects not just directly but also indirectly through free radical generation or DNA repair inhibition. The current study provides useful information for future toxicological research on lead poisoning.