Abstract
The replacement of lead zirconate titanate ceramics (PZTs), with a lead-oxide (PbO)-free alternative is the subject of intense investigation worldwide. In this research, a cheap reliable methodology for the fabrication of multilayers (MLs) of lead-free potassium sodium niobate (KNN)-based ceramics is presented without the need for vacuuming and/or hot isostatic pressing of the tape. The thickness per active layer was 193 μm and 102 μm for the 10 and 16 layer MLs actuators, respectively. Effective d33 (piezoelectric coefficient), effective d33∗ (electrostrain coefficient), bi-polar strain (Smax), max displacement, dielectric constant (ϵr) and loss (tanδ) are 2500 pC/N, 4604 pm/V, 0.17%, 2.2 μm, 1812 and 2% at 1 kHz, respectively, where the effective d33 or d33∗ is the total output of all layers together. The ultimate target materials for potential substitution with KNN-based ceramics and MLs are commercial PZT-4 and PZT-8.
Highlights
Piezoelectric actuators are used in many applications (Khesro et al, 2016; Murakami et al, 2018a,b; Wang et al, 2018b, 2019a; Lv et al, 2020)
The 10 layers are well adhered with a dense ceramic monolithiclayer in between, after heat treatment and sintering (Figure 3a,d)
The greater thickness of the 10 layer sample is because 2 tape cast ceramic layers per electrode layer were utilized whereas the 16 layer sample has only one
Summary
Piezoelectric actuators are used in many applications (Khesro et al, 2016; Murakami et al, 2018a,b; Wang et al, 2018b, 2019a; Lv et al, 2020). KNN has the added potential of being safe for deployment as internal medical devices, expanding its potential range of piezoelectric applications to biosensors and internal motors/pumps (Uchino, 2008; Koji et al, 2010; Zhang and Yu, 2011; Gao et al, 2015, 2019; Hussain et al, 2018; Koo et al, 2020). Forming solid solutions with (Na1/2Bi1/2) ZrO3 (NBZ) have been shown in other part of this work where different dopants were used to enhance the piezoelectric properties in KNN based formulations (Hussain, 2016; Hussain et al, 2018, 2019). The aim was to select the optimum compound to fabricate the MLAs or FIGURE 2 | (a) Heat treatment and sintering profile of MLAs and bulk Ceramics, and (b) SEM images of fractured surfaces of bulk, and (c) single layer of multilayers of (0.942KNN–0.058BNZ) +ZrO2 ceramics
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