Lead Fractionation Analysis in Lipstick Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

A new analytical approach based on fractionation was introduced for lead in lipstick samples. Different separation techniques including n-hexane, glycerol extraction, and activated carbon adsorption were used to characterize the lipid fraction, polar and aromatic components of the samples. Additionally, artificial saliva and food stimulant extractions were used for the risk assessment studies. Trace metal levels in fractions were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Method validation parameters in the total element determinations were defined in terms of detection limits, accuracy, and precision. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.02 and 0.07 mg kg−1 for Pb; whereas the repeatability and reproducibility of the results based on percent relative standard deviation were 3.0% and 7.2% for lead, respectively.