Abstract
Lead dioxide deposited on graphite or carbon was used to make anodes suitable for the preparation of sodium perchlorate from sodium chlorate. This type of anode has been used successfully in the presence of certain addition agents as a replacement for platinum anode. The influence of anodic current density, temperature, pH, current concentration, and duration of electrolysis on the current efficiency of perchlorate formation was studied. Current efficiency was found to depend on anode surface transformation, which occurred with repeated use. Such changes could be observed visually and were confirmed by anode potential measurements. High current efficiency could be obtained even under slightly alkaline conditions of electrolysis, but addition of fluoride improved results. Addition of fluoride together with sulfate (as sulfuric acid) had the maximum effect on current efficiency under acidic conditions of pH.
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