Lead biosorption by magnetic Pisum sativum peel biocomposite using experimental design

Abstract

ABSTRACT The Pisum sativum has been used as a magnetic biocomposite biosorbent for the removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions. These biocomposites were prepared with encapsulated alginate beads into calcium chloride solution, Pisum sativum peel powder and iron (II–III) oxide. Properties of surface and the possible binding sites of the material were evaluated by instrumental analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflection, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and mapping techniques are also used for evaluation of process. Optimisation of biosorption procedure was done by Plackett–Burman factorial design including parameters such as biocomposite amount, pH, temperature and extraction time. The analytical performance of the biosorption method, application to industrial effluent, the reusability and stability of biosorbent were also investigated. The Pisum sativum magnetic biocomposite adsorbed 90 ± 4% of lead at the optimum pH value 4 and 125 mg biocomposite amount. The best-fitting isotherm model is Freundlich and theoretical capacity of biosorbent was calculated as 74.05 mg/g. The report of magnetic Pisum sativum biocomposite as a biosorbent may be used as natural renewable resources and reduces the adverse effects on water contaminated for lead.