Leachate pollution index as an effective tool in determining the phytotoxicity of municipal solid waste leachate

Abstract

Phytoremediation is a promising option for the treatment of municipal solid waste leachate. Combining the leachate pollution index with the phytotoxicity data will be useful in predicting the suitable concentration of leachate for the phytoremediation applications. Understanding the tolerant mechanisms of plants to leachate stress will further help to select the appropriate dose. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of leachate on germination, growth, chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activities in the plant Vigna unguiculata. The crude leachate has an LPI value of 31.99 with high concentration of organic matter, ammonia and dissolved solids. The results of the phytotoxicity study suggest that at lower concentrations the leachate enhanced the germination and promoted plant growth. Up to 5% concentration (v/v) of the leachate which had a LPI value of 11.84 the growth promotion was observed in V. unguiculata. This was made possible by the controlled modulation of reactive oxygen species through the enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities. However at higher concentration, the pollutants in leachate disrupt the enzyme activities and leads to the peroxidation of membrane lipids and significantly affected the plant growth. The study suggest that phytotoxic effects in plants are directly related to the LPI value and leachate with LPI values less than 10 are likely to promote plant growth and LPI values greater than 10 are likely to exert detrimental effect on the plant.