Le village protohistorique du quartier de l'Ile à Martigues (B.-du-Rh.). Urbanisme et architecture de la phase primitive (début Vème - début IIème s. av. J.-C). II - Données nouvelles sur l'urbanisme et architecture domestique.

Abstract

The prehistoric village of "L"Ile" at Martigues (R-du-Rb.). Town planning and architecture of the primitive phase (early 5tb to early 2nd century B.C.) II - New data on urbanism and domestic architecture. Since the first survey undertaken in 1978 inside the contemporary houses vowed to destruction, up to the extensive excavations conducted recently, the archaeological exploration in the quarter of "L'Ile" at Martigues has brought to light large sections of several successive urbanized and fortified settlements. The most ancient was established at the beginning of the 5th century B.C. The authors present the result of their search in the first village, several times destroyed and reconstructed on the same emplacement, causing transformations that modified the deeper structures, towards the beginning of the 2nd century B.C. After a first presentation of the site, of the stratigraphy, of the preliminary characteristics of urbanization and fortification (article published in volume 7, 1984, pp. 27-52), this second study exposes the settlement 's main phases of evolution. The recent excavations confirm the first conclusions concerning the urbanization of the village (spacial organisation of blocks, streets, public space, ...). The second part of the article is a detailed, methodical analysis of the specific features proper to domestic dwellings, and to their evolution and permanency from one period to the other. A last large chapter involves all the aspects of construction of the clusters and individual houses, from the topographical inplantation of the dwellings to their ultimate finishing details, including a rigourous summary of the techniques of construction practised (stone, earth, wood).