Abstract
The present paper deals with the importance of the sites and fossils discovered in the Near East, where two Homo sapiens groups were identified in the Middle Palaeolithic Mousterian layers : Neandertals and Modern Humans. The main chronostratigraphical problems and their interpretations are discussed. The data confirm the presence in the Levant of Near Eastern Neandertal and Modern Human lineages from at least 1 50 Ky., relating the most ancient documents respectively to Tabun 1 and Zuttiyeh individuals. The coexistence of both human groups having the same cultural background along the whole Middle Paleolithic is demonstrated, while the possibility of interbreeding is not excluded. The well documented presence of Modern Humans in the considered region is compared with the available information from Asia, Europe and Africa, especially insisting on the problematic origin of Modern Humans and their dispersal.
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