Abstract

AbstractVentilator associated pneumonia (VAP) remains, until today, the most frequent nosocomial infection in the Intensive Care Units. Aerobic bacteria such as Enterobacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are the most documented pathogens. However, the discovery of anaerobic bacteria from samples of the lower respiratory tract (LRT) in these patients in the 1990s, suggested the implication of anaerobic oral flora on VAP pathophysiology without providing a clear answer. The recent evolution of research technologies such as Next Generation Sequencing has revealed the existence of a LRT microbiota, allowing to revisit the question over the role of anaerobic bacteria on the development of VAP.

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