Abstract
With the present considerable expansion of energy transfer by pumping, Electricite de France frequently has to compare several alternatives, among which especially ternary and reversible power units. TechnicaI and cost comparisons for these two alternatives are the subject of the first part of this report. In the second part of the report, problems peculiar to reversible pumps are discussed, which are mainly connected with pump start-up methods, electric circuitry and equipment, transient effects, and protective devices or systems. Unit output and specific speed data for the most important pump-turbines in the world are shown separately in terms of head on two graphs at the end of the report. The present specific speed limit appears to be denoted by a curve of the form 400 H - 0.375.
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