Le àncore di Varsavia: la costruzione della democrazia in Polonia fra legacies istituzionali e strategia di adesione europea

Abstract

The pre-accession strategy used by the European Union to influence and lead Poland toward membership is assessed from the point of view of the political legitimacy created in the Polish democracy. The institutional and legal changes entailed by the process of adaptation of Poland to the criteria defining a democracy that is allowed to join the EU seem to have curtailed the capacity of political authorities to be accountable to their citizens, since they have been obliged or oriented to be accountable first to the Union. While Poland is formally a constitutional democracy with legal and institutional systems perfectly coherent with liberal values and constitutional principles, it comes out that the exercise of political power to shape and reshape the rules within the socioeconomic system limit and weaken the capacity of the regime to reach a high level of legitimacy. People do not trust political authorities neither they think that political decisions are responsive to them. These effects can be accounted for through an institutionalist approach, adopting the hypothesis that a negative correlation does exist between the increase of monitoring costs and participation costs and the increase of the legitimacy of democratic rules, which is confirmed in the case of Poland.