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Abstract
The diagnosis of fungal diseases in animals is not straightforward. Physical examination and patient history data can usually not lead to a definitive diagnosis and laboratory tests are required. Fungal elements may be detected microscopically in clinical specimens: dermatophytes hyphae and arthrospores infecting hair or scales, yeasts in the cerumen (Malassezia), scales (Malassezia, Candida) or body fluids (Candida, Cryptococcus). Histopathologic analysis allows the detection of fungi in tissues and the characterisation of the associated cellular reaction. Definitive diagnosis usually requires recovery and identification of the fungus from cultures. A few serological procedures may be useful: immunodiffusion techniques for measurement of antibodies to Aspergillus spp. and a latex agglutination test for cryptococcal capsular antigen.
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