Abstract
Plant solid residues obtained from the essential oil industry represent a rich source of phenolic compounds with bioactive properties to be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. A selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds in solid residues of the Lamiaceae family plants. A total of 48 compounds can be separated within 35 min by using the Poroshell-120 EC-C18 column, and a gradient mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile with flow rate of 0.5 mL/min; salicylic acid was used as internal standard. The calibration curves showed good linearity in the tested concentration range for each analyte (R2 > 0.9921), while recoveries ranged from 70.1% to 115.0% with an intra-day and inter-day precision of less than 6.63% and 15.00%, respectively. Based on the retention behavior, as well as absorption and mass spectra, 17 phenolic acids, 19 flavonoids and 2 phenolic diterpenes were identified and quantified in the solid residues obtained by distillation of six aromatic plants: oregano, rosemary, sage, satureja, lemon balm, and spearmint. The method constitutes an accurate analytical and quality control tool for the simultaneous quantitation of phenolics present in solid waste residues from the essential oil industry.
Highlights
IntroductionAromatic plants of the Lamiaceae family are rich in phytochemicals, especially in phenolic compounds [1]
Published: 19 December 2021Aromatic plants of the Lamiaceae family are rich in phytochemicals, especially in phenolic compounds [1]
The developed extraction procedure for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-mass spectrometry (MS)) analysis of 48 phenolic compounds from the solid residue of the six aromatic plants after the essential oil distillation involved the use of ultrasonic extraction at 37 kHz with 70% aqueous methanol for 15 min and solid–liquid ratio of 1:250, as it was shown to be more efficient in analytes recoveries and was chosen throughout the experimentation
Summary
Aromatic plants of the Lamiaceae family are rich in phytochemicals, especially in phenolic compounds [1]. Phenolic compounds present in these plants are widely recognized for their high biological activity, such as antioxidant [1,2,3], anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial as well as antifungal properties [3,4,5]. The essential oils from plants of the Lamiaceae family, produced mainly by steam distillation, are rich in aromatic compounds with distinct flavoring and bioactive properties, for which there is an increasing demand nowadays in many industries (food and beverages, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, food and feed additives—supplements industry). The production of essential oils from plants of the Lamiaceae family and especially from oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), sage
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