Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the lethal toxicity and stress signs of Flonicamid toward juvenile common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ). The 96 h LC50 values, determined 43.17 mgL-1 by probit analysis in a semi-static system. LC50 24, 48 and 72 h were 47.54, 41.83 and 43.51 mgL-1, respectively. Behavioral changes include hyperexcitement, erratic swimming, dark coloration, loss of equilibrium and lethargy were observed with different intensities. Consequently, mortality rate, stress signs and behavioral changes observed in response to the Flonicamid are dependent to dose and time exposure.
Highlights
Flonicamid is the approved common name for the chemical composition, IKI220; N-cyanomethyl-4-trifluoromethyl nicotinamide
Toxicity stress and behavioral and apparent physiological symptoms Uncoordinated behavior was observed in fish exposed to different concentrations of Flonicamid
They stayed motionless on the bottom of tank and became exhausted and lethargic. They died with open mouth and operculum. These alterations occurred so fast in fish exposed to higher Flonicamid concentration (50 and 60 mgL-1) compared to the lower one (30 and 40 mgL–1) which some behaviors were not obvious clearly in higher dose, such as erratic and slow swimming
Summary
Flonicamid is the approved common name for the chemical composition, IKI220; N-cyanomethyl-4-trifluoromethyl nicotinamide. It is a novel systemic pyridine carboxamide pesticide discovered by Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd (Tokyo, Japan). С. 279—288 controlling hemipterous pests, and thysanopterous pests that are resistant to other insecticides It is a useful pesticide for the control of sucking pests such as aphids, whiteflies, trips, some micro lepidoptera, and a number of coleopteran species [1]. After spraying Flonicamid, insects are able to attach to the plant, their salivation and sap feeding are limited or completely blocked [2]
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