Abstract
Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd is a profoundly used traditional medicinal plant in Asia. Previous studies conducted in this plant are more confined to extract level. Even though bioassay-based studies indicated the true therapeutic potential of this plant, compound annotation was not performed extensively. This research is aimed at assessing the bioactivity of different solvent extracts of the plant followed by annotation of its phytoconstituents. Liquid chromatography equipped with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is deployed for the identification of secondary metabolites in various crude extracts. On activity level, its ethanolic extract showed the highest inhibition towards α-amylase and α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 67.8 ± 1 μg/mL and 10.3 ± 0.1 μg/mL respectively, inspected through the substrate-based method. On the other hand, the plant extract showed an antioxidant activity of 23.76 ± 1.57 μg/mL, measured through radical scavenging activity. Similarly, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of A. catechu showed significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of inhibition (ZoI) of 13 and 14 mm, respectively. With the LC-HRMS-based dereplication strategy, we have identified 28 secondary metabolites belonging to flavonoid and phenolic categories. Identification of these metabolites from A. catechu and its biological implication also support the community-based usage of this plant and its medicinal value.
Highlights
Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd is a deciduous and gregarious tree with a light feathery crown native to Nepal, India, and Myanmar and one of the most promising medicinal plants of the family Fabaceae [1]
Several secondary metabolites have been identified from A. catechu, the molecules, catechin, epicatechin, and quercetin, are the principal contributor to therapeutical properties [8]
The total phenolic content (TPC) and Total flavonoid content (TFC) were expressed as the GAE/g and QE/g of extract using calibration curves of gallic acid and quercetin, respectively
Summary
Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd is a deciduous and gregarious tree with a light feathery crown native to Nepal, India, and Myanmar and one of the most promising medicinal plants of the family Fabaceae [1]. A. catechu has received attention as a potential source of bioactive secondary metabolites to be used for the formulation of pharmaceutical products [2, 3]. Several secondary metabolites have been identified from A. catechu, the molecules, catechin, epicatechin, and quercetin, are the principal contributor to therapeutical properties [8]. Plant-based secondary metabolites are extensively used in the management of various infectious diseases and achieved clinical benefits in the health care system. About 28,000 plant taxa have been known for their medicinal values and about 3000 plant species possess ethnopharmacological uses for the management of DM and others [11].
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