Abstract
Palm fruits have gained growing attention for their nutrition values and health promotion perspectives. They have a diverse range of bioactive compounds including carotenoids, vitamins, dietary fibres and especially polyphenolic compounds. These polyphenolic compounds contribute to the putative health benefits of palm fruits. Nevertheless, the detailed information about these polyphenols in palm fruits is limited. The present work was conducted to comprehensively characterize polyphenols in two palm fruits, jelly palm (Butia ordorata) and fishtail palm (Caryota uren), using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF/MS) and assess their antioxidant potential. The total phenolic content (TPC), total tannins content (TTC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant assay and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging abilities and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were higher in the jelly palm fruit while total flavonoid contents (TFC) were higher in the fishtail palm. The LC-ESI-QTOF/MS tentatively identified a total of 86 phenolic compounds in both jelly and fishtail palm fruits. Although both palm fruits exhibited different phenolic profiles, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols were the most common in both. In high performance liquid chromatography photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) quantification, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (317.46 ± 4.68 µg/g) and catechin (4724.00 ± 32.39 µg/g) were the most abundant phenolic acid and flavonoid quantified in the jelly palm fruit, respectively. Quercetin (557.28 ± 7.81 µg/g) and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (220.99 ± 2.06 µg/g) were the most abundant flavonoids quantified in the fishtail palm. Our study indicates that palm fruit is a good source of polyphenols and has strong antioxidant potential for health promotion. Furthermore, this study provides the scientific basis for an exploitation of jelly and fishtail palm fruits in the food, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.
Highlights
Palm fruits are mostly grown in tropical regions and are rich sources of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, vitamin E, carotenoids and unsaturated fatty acids [1]
And fishtail palm fruits have been reported as good sources of polyphenols [6,20]
The polyphenol contents in ethanolic extracts of jelly and fishtail palm fruits were characterized by total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC) and total tannins content (TTC)
Summary
Palm fruits are mostly grown in tropical regions and are rich sources of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, vitamin E, carotenoids and unsaturated fatty acids [1]. The bioactive compound extracts from different palm fruits, especially polyphenols, may contribute to human health. Palm (Butia ordorata) is a tropical palm species whose fruits and leaves can be processed into different food products [3]. The pulp and leaves of the Butia family were used for treatment of skin diseases and venom infection [5] because of the presence of diverse bioactive compounds. Palm contains various bioactive compounds including polyphenols, carotenoids and dietary fibres. The bark is usually used for treatment of rheumatic disease and snake poisoning [8], which may suggest the antioxidant potential of the fishtail palm fruit
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