Abstract
A new, rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed to determine the content of flavonoid aglycones and phenolic acids in mistletoe berries (Viscum album L.) harvested from six different Polish host trees. Additionally, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) as well as an antioxidant and antiproliferative activity were evaluated for the first time. The plant material was selectively extracted using ultrasound assisted maceration with methanol/water (8:2) solution. The obtained TPC and TFC results varied from 7.146 to 9.345 mg GA g−1 and from 1.888 to 2.888 mg Q g−1 of dry extracts, respectively. The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis demonstrated the highest content of phenolic acids in mistletoe berries from Populus nigra ‘Italica’ L. and flavonoid aglycones in mistletoe berries from Tilia cordata Mill. (354.45 µg and 5.955 µg per g dry extract, respectively). The moderate antioxidant activity of investigated extracts was obtained. The studies revealed that the examined extracts decreased the proliferation of human colon adenocarcinoma cells line LS180 in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity in the human colon epithelial cell line CCD 841 CoTr. Moreover, the obtained results suggest considerable impact of polyphenols on the anticancer activity of these extracts.
Highlights
Mistletoe (Viscum album) is a perennial evergreen shrub that grows as a hemiparasite on woody plant species
In vitro studies have revealed that ethanol extracts isolated from mistletoe berries decreased the proliferation of colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner
The results demonstrated that isorhamnetin inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated hypoxia-induced hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) accumulation, which contributes to its anti-metastatic efficacy
Summary
Mistletoe (Viscum album) is a perennial evergreen shrub that grows as a hemiparasite on woody plant species. Literature reports have demonstrated its antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties as well as antidiabetic, antiepileptic, immunostimulatory and antiviral activity [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Among the different types of cancer, human colon cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed malignant disease [10]. Over the last decade there has been a great deal of evidence from genetic, pharmacological, and epidemiological data supporting the notion of a connection between antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity and tumorigenesis. High concentrations of free radicals are an important risk factor for the development of colon cancer. Anti-oxidant activity affects every facet of tumor development and might influence the efficacy of cancer therapies [11]
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