Abstract
Use of a layering technique in general nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis of reinforced‐concrete flat shell elements is introduced. Stack of simple four‐node plane stress and Mindlin plate elements is used to simulate RC elements subjected to membrane and bending loads. Transverse shear deformations are taken into account and compatibility between layers is satisfied by means of nodal constraint equations. The method along with nonlinear constitutive models for concrete and steel are implemented in a FE program. Efficient stiffness calculation, assembly, and solution algorithms are employed to minimize the computational effort. Experimental specimens are analyzed. The results indicate the effectiveness and efficiency of the layering technique in simulating the behavior under membrane as well as flexural loading cases. The provided flexibility in the thickness direction makes it possible to model transverse shear deformations and to simulate bond degradation between concrete and steel. The importance o...
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