Abstract
In the current study, layered metallic vanadium disulfide (VS2) is fabricated by a liquid-phase exfoliation method, and its microstructures as well as optical characteristics are investigated. Based on first-principles calculations, the band structure and density of the states of both bulk T-VS2 and monolayer H-VS2 are illustrated, showing the metallic behavior with a zero band gap. By using VS2 as the saturable absorber in a doubly Q-switched Tm:YAP laser with an EOM, the Q-switching laser pulses at 2 μm with 22 ns and 200 Hz are generated, corresponding to the single pulse energy of 755 μJ and the peak power of 34.3 kW. The coupled rate equations of the doubly Q-switched laser are given, and the numerical simulations agree with the experimental results. The results indicate that VS2 is a promising nanomaterial due to its nonlinear optical property. The doubly Q-switched laser demonstrates a high level of performance in reducing pulse width and enhancing pulse peak power.
Highlights
Over the past few decades, the eye-safe mid-infrared laser operating near the 2 μm wavelength region, emitted from thulium (Tm3+ ) or holmium (Ho3+ ) ion-doped materials, has attracted increasing interest in various fields, including material processing [1], remote sensing [2], medical procedures [3], and military applications [4]
The active Q-switching operation can be realized with an acousticoptical modulator (AOM) or an electro-optical modulator (EOM), in which the repetition rate can be controlled, and the pulse sequences are stable [5,6]
The output power of CW laser and the average output powers of the Q-switched lasers versus pump power are exhibited in Figure 5a, showing an almost linear trend
Summary
Over the past few decades, the eye-safe mid-infrared laser operating near the 2 μm wavelength region, emitted from thulium (Tm3+ ) or holmium (Ho3+ ) ion-doped materials, has attracted increasing interest in various fields, including material processing [1], remote sensing [2], medical procedures [3], and military applications [4]. For pulsed lasers in particular, the Q-switching, cavity dumping, and mode-locking techniques are widely used. Q-switching is an effective method for emitting energetic laser pulses for short periods of time, possessing wide-ranging possibilities in the application of solid-state lasers. The active Q-switching operation can be realized with an acousticoptical modulator (AOM) or an electro-optical modulator (EOM), in which the repetition rate can be controlled, and the pulse sequences are stable [5,6]. For passive Q-switching technology, the repetition rate of laser pulse is unstable, but it does possess a nonlinear saturable absorption mechanism. At the 2-μm wavelength region in particular, the doubly Q-switched lasers with active and passive
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