Abstract
Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide materials have attracted much attention in recent years due to their excellent electro-optical properties. FeS2, the ideal composition of iron pyrite, is a 2D transition metal dichalcogenide which has been potentially used in the electronic, optical, and chemical fields. On the other hand, the narrow band gap of FeS2 (≈0.96 eV) makes it very suitable and promising for the ultrafast application in near-infrared regimes. However, the potential application of FeS2 in laser technology has not been explored till now. Ultrashort pulse lasers have great applications in industry and science because of its stability, ease of operation, and portability. Passively mode-locked fiber lasers using 2D materials (such as MoS2, CuS2, and WS2) as saturable absorber are intensively investigated. Here, layered FeS2 has been characterized systematically. It is successfully applied in ultrafast photonics and plays a key component in the passively mode-locked laser for the first time. The single pulse can be obtained with 1.7-ps pulse duration, 1.89-nm spectral width, and fundamental repetition of 6.4 MHz at 1563 nm central wavelength. Through controlling the pump power, the evolution of the pulse train can be observed, which can be transformed from single pulse to bound states. Also, the harmonic mode-locked fiber laser is observed with the pump power high enough.
Highlights
Low-dimensional materials have attracted increasing attention in nonlinear optics due to their remarkable optoelectronic properties
We demonstrate that FeS2 exhibits Saturable absorber (SA) property and can be used as SAs of ultrafast laser
When the three-paddle polarization controller (PC) is not adjusted and mode is not locked, there is only a spike in the pulse and the energy is not enough to make the fiber nonlinear, so self-phase modulation cannot occur to broaden the spectrum, and the light intensity is absorbed by the SA
Summary
Low-dimensional materials have attracted increasing attention in nonlinear optics due to their remarkable optoelectronic properties. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a kind of highly anisotropic layered semiconductor materials which attract growing research attention due to their excellent physical/chemical properties. The M atoms are coordinated by covalent bonds with the X atoms in a trigonal prismatic arrangement They offer further optoelectronic opportunities and result in the advancement of fascinating applications such as optical switches, photo detectors, and quantum well modulators due to their unique thickness-dependent band gap. D. Zhang et al.: Layered iron pyrite for ultrafast photonics application iron disulfide (FeS2) as one kind of TMD is widely used in basic and applied research. Materials with low band gap and layered structure are widely used as SA in fiber lasers especially TMDs (such as CuS2, SnS2, MoS2, WS2, etc.). It is demonstrated that the FeS2 can be a potential candidate photonics material for ultrafast pulse generations
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