Abstract
The current research aims to introduce Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) as nanomaterials to be used in agriculture, with particular reference to its use as storage and slow release matrix of nutrients and agrochemicals for plant growing. Structural characteristics, main properties, synthesis methods and characterization of LDH were covered in this study. Moreover, some literature data have been reported to demonstrate their potential for storage and slow release of nitrate, phosphate, agrochemicals, besides as being used as adsorbent for the wastewater treatment. This research aims to expand, in near future, the investigation field on these materials, with application in agriculture, increasing the interface between chemistry and agronomy.
Highlights
Population growth in the coming years will have a direct impact on world agriculture
The current research aims to introduce Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) as nanomaterials to be used in agriculture, with particular reference to its use as storage and slow release matrix of nutrients and agrochemicals for plant growing
LDH thermal behavior is usually characterized by two main transition stages: (i) an endothermic process from room temperature to about 200 °C that corresponds to adsorbed and interlamellar water loss; this stage is reversible and occurs without lamellar structure collapse; and (ii) the second stage occurs with temperatures ranging from 200 to about 800 °C, and corresponds to lamellar hydroxyl group loss as well as anions loss
Summary
Population growth in the coming years will have a direct impact on world agriculture. Low saturation condition is applied to obtain more crystalline materials since it brings a higher nucleation rate and, a greater number of reduced size particles In this method, a bivalent metal oxide suspension is reacted with a trivalent metallic cation solution and the anion to be intercalated. This method consists of adding a LDH precursor usually containing interlayer anions Cl− or NO−3 , in a concentrated solution with the anion of interest In this method, the exchange efficiency varies a lot, the exchanged anion should have the greatest ability to stabilize the lamella (more likely to be intercalated) and/or be in a higher proportion than the LDH precursor anion, which is normally Cl− or NO−3 (Lal and Rowe, 1981; De Roy et al, 1992; Newman and Jones, 1998). During regeneration process, pH is raised, so it must be corrected to avoid hydroxyl from occupying the interlayer space (Miyata, 1980; Newman and Jones, 1998)
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