Abstract
Today, wide variety of adsorbents have been developed for sample pretreatment to concentrate and separate harmful substances. However, only a few solid phase microextraction Arrow adsorbents are commercially available. In this study, we developed a new solid phase microextraction Arrow coating, in which nanosheets layered double hydroxides and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) were utilized as the extraction phase and poly(vinyl chloride) as the adhesive. This new coating entailed higher extraction capacity for several volatile organic compounds (allyl methyl sulfide, methyl propyl sulfide, 3-pentanone, 2-butanone, and methyl isobutyl ketone) compared to the commercial Carboxen 1000/polydimethylsiloxane coating. Fabrication parameters for the coating were optimized and extraction and desorption conditions were investigated. The validation of the new solid phase microextraction Arrow coating was accomplished using water sample spiked with volatile organic compounds. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of quantification for the five volatile organic compounds by the new solid phase microextraction Arrow coating and developed gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method were in the range of 0.2-4.6ng/mL. The proposed method was briefly applied for enrichment of volatile organic compounds in sludge.
Highlights
Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) produce large amounts of sewage, which are the major sources of malodors
We investigated whether the integration of the layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanosheets and the PVP will be effective as the Sci 2020;1–9.www.jss-journal.com 1Solid phase microextraction (SPME) Arrow coating
The surface morphologies of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), PVP, NLDHs/PVC, and NLDHs/PVC/PVP SPME Arrows were characterized by SEM (Fig. 2)
Summary
Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) produce large amounts of sewage, which are the major sources of malodors. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique is highly recommended to extract and preconcentrate VOCs at trace levels from complex matrices [3, 4]. The detailed structure of SPME Arrow (Fig. 1) includes a stainless-steel backbone, the carrying, the screw, the enlarged sorption phase, and an Arrow-shaped tip. The carrying prevents the physical damage of the sorption phase during transfer and the Arrow tip enable the gentle penetrations into the sample vial or GC inlet septum. According to the previous reports, SPME Arrow technique has been applied for the measuring of VOCs in wastewater, atmospheric air, and food samples [9,10,11,12]. The design and preparation of the SPME Arrow coating material are of particular importance in the whole extraction and separation process.
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